For newcomers and veterans alike, a shared vocabulary makes shopping—and enjoying—cannabis far easier. Here’s a plain-English glossary that demystifies the words seen on menus, labels, and lab reports.
Cannabinoids: These are active compounds made by the plant. Delta-9 THC drives intoxication, while CBD is non-intoxicating and modulates some effects; both share similarities yet act differently in the body.
Terpenes: Aroma molecules (think citrusy limonene or earthy myrcene) that help shape a cultivar’s scent and may influence perceived effects when combined with cannabinoids (often called the “entourage effect”).
Trichomes: The tiny, crystal-like resin glands that blanket buds. They’re the factories where cannabinoids and terpenes are produced, so frosty flower usually signals rich chemistry rather than mere “bag appeal.”
Strain vs. Cultivar vs. Chemovar: “Strain” is common slang, but horticulture prefers “cultivar” (a cultivated variety). Scientists also use “chemovar” to group plants by chemical profile (e.g., THC-dominant with myrcene/caryophyllene). Expect to see all three terms in the market.
Indica/Sativa/Hybrid: Historically botanical labels, they’re unreliable predictors of effect. Modern products vary widely; a chemovar’s cannabinoid and terpene profile is more informative than the indica/sativa tag alone. Check lab data and your own response patterns.
Phenotype (“pheno”): Sibling plants from the same cross can express different aromas, colors, and chemistries. Growers select standout phenos for consistency (you may see “#1” or “BX” notes on menus).
Lineage/Cross: The genetic parents of a cultivar (e.g., “Runtz × Sundae Driver”). Lineage hints at flavors and potential effects but is not a guarantee; environment and cultivation practices matter.
Flower Structure: Terms like “dense,” “foxtailing,” or “loose” describe bud morphology. Structure is influenced by genetics and grow conditions and doesn’t directly equal potency.
Potency: Usually expressed as total THC (% by dry weight) and sometimes milligrams per package for edibles. Remember: higher THC isn’t automatically “better”—balance with terpenes and dose. FDA has not approved over-the-counter cannabis products for treating diseases; approach medical claims cautiously and consult clinicians.
Minor Cannabinoids: CBG, CBN, THCV and others appear in smaller amounts and are being studied for distinct properties. Evidence is emerging; rely on reputable testing and personal journaling.
Cure: After harvest, controlled drying and curing preserve terpenes and smoothness. Good cure reduces harshness; poor cure can taste grassy or bitey.
Freshness/Degradation: Over time, THC can oxidize to CBN and terpenes evaporate, dulling aroma and shifting effects. Look for recent harvest/pack dates and airtight storage.
COA (Certificate of Analysis): A third-party lab report listing cannabinoids, terpene percentages, and safety screens (pesticides, heavy metals, microbes, residual solvents). Scan the QR code to confirm batch-specific results. Many state programs require COAs.
Dose: Start low, go slow—especially with edibles where onset can take 30–120 minutes. Tincture and vape onset is faster, flower sits in the middle. Track milligrams (mg) for edibles and inhaled puffs over time.
Tolerance & Set/Setting: Regular use raises tolerance; breaks can reset sensitivity. Mindset and environment influence experience—choose time and place wisely.
Putting it together: Shop by verified chemistry (COA), not just names. Note which terpene profiles you enjoy alongside THC/CBD levels, and log your reactions. Over time, your personal data will translate the menu’s jargon into a reliable, personalized map. When in doubt, ask your budtender to compare similar chemovars, explain the lab report, and suggest beginner-friendly formats and doses.